The Birthday of Agnes Pockels (1862) – Surface Tension Mathematics

Agnes Pockels studied surface tension using a simple trough (Pockels trough). Surface tension γ is the force per unit length. The Laplace pressure difference across a curved interface is ΔP = γ(1/R₁ + 1/R₂). She contributed to the theory of Langmuir‑Blodgett films. Surface tension mathematics is used to model droplets, bubbles, and capillary action. Pockels had no formal academic position but published in Nature with Lord Rayleigh’s support. She is a role model for citizen scientists.