Birthday of Alan Turing (1912)

Father of computer science and artificial intelligence. In 1936, Turing proved that no algorithm can determine whether an arbitrary program will halt — the Halting Problem — establishing a fundamental limit on what computers can ever compute. During World War II he led the team that broke the Enigma cipher, shortening the war by an estimated two years and saving millions of lives. He was chemically castrated by the British government for homosexuality in 1952, an act of profound injustice. He died at 41. The £50 note shows his face since 2021.