The Birthday of Norbert Wiener (1894) — Father of Cybernetics

Norbert Wiener, born 26 November 1894, founded cybernetics — the study of control and communication in animals and machines. He applied feedback loops (negative feedback) to stabilise systems, using differential equations and probability theory. Cybernetics influenced artificial intelligence, robotics, and systems engineering. Wiener also worked on the mathematics of Brownian motion (Wiener process) and Fourier analysis. His book ‘Cybernetics’ (1948) introduced terms like ‘feedback’ and ‘homeostasis’ into engineering and biology.